Apply through your municipality and check residence risks
Apply for algemene bijstand through your gemeente (municipality) if income and assets are too low. Under 27, a 4-week search for work or education normally comes first. Check residence risks and other benefits before applying. The normal deadlines are 4 weeks for an advance and 8 weeks for a decision. If food, medicine or shelter is at risk today, contact the municipality today.
Eligibility, household and residence status
Bijstand supports adults in the Netherlands who have too little income to live on. Your municipality adds to eligible household income up to the amount set for your situation. The Participatiewet (Participation Act) sets the rules. You must meet all of these Rijksoverheid (Dutch government) eligibility conditions (External site, opens in a new tab):
- You live in the Netherlands. You are Dutch or have a valid right of residence.
- You are at least 18 and have not yet reached AOW (state pension) age.
- Your household has too little income and too few assets to live on.
- You cannot first use another form of support, such as WW (unemployment benefit) or student finance.
- You are not in prison or pre-trial detention.
At AOW age, ask the SVB (Sociale Verzekeringsbank, the social insurance agency) (External site, opens in a new tab) about AIO (aanvullende inkomensvoorziening ouderen, income support for older people) instead.
Partners and other people at your address
Your household changes both eligibility and the amount. A spouse or registered partner normally counts as a partner. If you are duurzaam gescheiden (permanently separated), the law treats you as unmarried. For unmarried people, a gezamenlijke huishouding (joint household) normally means sharing your main home and caring for each other. Care can mean contributing to household costs or helping in another way. The same address alone does not settle the test. Describe your living, care and financial arrangements.
If you share your main home, some cases automatically count as a joint household. Examples include a child born from your relationship, one person recognising the other's child, or a valid cohabitation contract requiring both of you to contribute to the household.
Exceptions cover first-degree relatives by blood or marriage, such as a parent and child. They also cover an adult former foster child where the parent received foster-care payments or child benefit. A care exception applies when giving or receiving care causes a benefit recipient to live with another person. It lasts while that care continues, whether or not the two people are related.
Use the table to check whether another resident's money counts towards your eligibility, or whether they only affect the cost-sharing calculation.
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| Person at your address | Whose income and assets count? | Possible effect on your rate |
|---|---|---|
| Spouse or registered partner, unless permanently separated, or a qualifying joint-household partner | Both people together | The couple or joint-household rate applies |
| Ordinary housemate who is not your partner | The housemate's income and assets do not count for your eligibility | A housemate aged 27 or over who is not exempt can lower your benefit through the kostendelersnorm (cost-sharing norm) |
| Commercial tenant, subtenant, boarder or live-in landlord with proof of a real commercial arrangement | The other person's income and assets normally do not count | Excluded from cost sharing if the legal commercial-contract conditions are met |
Residence consequences before you apply
Bijstand under the Participatiewet is a benefit paid from public funds. The municipality decides whether you qualify. It tells the IND (Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst, immigration service) (External site, opens in a new tab) about your application. The IND separately assesses your right of residence. The result depends on your permit or residence right. An application can lead to an IND decision ending residence; it does not do so automatically.
For EU (European Union), EEA (European Economic Area) and Swiss citizens and their family members, a public-funds application will not end permanent residence. Check the row that matches your citizenship or residence status. Give the IND the exact permit purpose, expiry date and residence history.
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| Your situation | What the IND says | Action before applying |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch citizen | Bijstand does not affect your right to live in the Netherlands as a Dutch citizen. Income and asset conditions still apply. | Continue with the benefit checks |
| Holder of a Dutch residence permit | Public-funds support can change or end residence depending on the permit | Give the IND or an immigration adviser the exact permit purpose and expiry date |
| EU, EEA or Swiss citizen or family member with confirmed permanent residence | The IND says a public-funds application will not end permanent residence | Confirm that permanent residence has actually been acquired; do not infer it from time alone |
| EU, EEA or Swiss citizen or family member without permanent residence | The IND may reassess residence; genuine and effective work or sufficient resources matter | Ask the IND to assess your exact work, income and residence history |
| Only applying for huurtoeslag (rent benefit), zorgtoeslag (healthcare benefit), kinderopvangtoeslag (childcare benefit) or kindgebonden budget (child budget) | These allowances do not end residence | Do not confuse them with Participatiewet bijstand |
For an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen or family member without permanent residence, the IND checks whether work is genuine and effective. In 2026, this means working at least 40% of a normal working week or earning at least 50% of the applicable bijstand rate. If you still meet this work test, the application does not end your residence. If you rely on other resources, ask the IND which income requirement applies.
Working fewer than 40% of normal full-time hours and earning less than 50% of your applicable bijstand rate does not automatically rule out genuine and effective work. The IND assesses your circumstances individually, including whether pay continues during holidays or sickness.
National bijstand amounts in 2026
These net monthly amounts include holiday allowance. They apply to people aged 21 up to AOW age with no counted income or cost-sharing reduction. The couple rate is for both people together.
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| Household situation | 1 Jan–30 Jun 2026 | From 1 Jul 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Single person | €1,401.50 per month | €1,419.46 per month |
| Single parent | €1,401.50 per month | €1,419.46 per month |
| Married, registered or cohabiting couple together | €2,002.13 per month | €2,027.79 per month |
The municipality uses this starting amount, called the bijstandsnorm (social assistance rate), then applies income, repayments or penalties. The amounts change on 1 January and 1 July.
Example: you are single, aged 30, and qualify for the full July 2026 rate of €1,419.46. You have no counted income or cost-sharing reduction. The 5% holiday reserve is about €70.97. That leaves about €1,348.49 for the regular monthly transfer, before any other deductions.
People aged 18 to 20 receive a lower jongerennorm (youth rate). Ages 21 to 26 use the adult rate but have a separate application route. At AOW age, people with income below the guaranteed minimum can ask the SVB about AIO.
Huurtoeslag, zorgtoeslag and child-related allowances need separate claims. Use the toeslagen (allowances) overview.
The monthly amounts and single-parent rate are confirmed in the Normenbrief 1 juli 2026 (benefit rates letter for 1 July 2026), PDF, 206 KB (External site, opens in a new tab).
Kostendelersnorm: reductions for shared homes
The kostendelersnorm can reduce your benefit when adults aged 27 or over share your home. The calculation counts you and your partner aged 21 or over, plus housemates who count under the rule. The combined column assumes everyone counted receives bijstand; it does not promise that everyone qualifies.
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| People counted in your calculation | Rate per benefit recipient | Combined percentage if all receive bijstand |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 70% of the couple norm | 70% |
| 2 | 50% of the couple norm | 100% |
| 3 | 43.33% of the couple norm | 130% |
| 4 | 40% of the couple norm | 160% |
| 5 | 38% of the couple norm | 190% |
| More than 5 | The statutory formula continues | Ask the municipality to calculate it |
Each recipient gets a percentage of the couple rate.
The following other residents are excluded from the cost-sharing calculation:
- A person under 27.
- Your partner when no other counted person lives at the address.
- A commercial tenant, subtenant, boarder, landlord or sublandlord under a real commercial contract and price.
- A student eligible for student finance or a study-cost allowance, or a student on the beroepsbegeleidende leerweg (BBL, vocational work-and-study route).
- A mantelzorger (informal carer) who temporarily moves in to provide care for an intensive care need under the 2026 rule.
A commercial contract directly with you does not give this exemption to a first- or second-degree relative by blood or marriage. This includes parents, children, siblings and grandparents. A separate exemption can apply when you both have commercial contracts with the same third-party landlord. Keep the written contracts and proof of payment.
Income and assets
Income can reduce your bijstand, but some payments are excluded. Report the amounts the application asks for. The municipality applies the rules below.
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| Money received | National treatment | What you should do |
|---|---|---|
| Wages, another benefit or pension, maintenance, rent or income from abroad | Normally deducted from the applicable norm | Report the full amount and documents; let the municipality calculate the deduction |
| Kinderbijslag (child benefit), kindgebonden budget, an eligible persoonsgebonden budget (PGB, personal budget) used to buy care, income-related allowances, under-18 child wages, savings interest and specified premiums or expense reimbursements | Statutory exclusions apply | Still disclose them when the form asks; do not subtract them from your own calculation without checking |
| Gifts or cost savings up to €1,200 in one calendar year | No reporting required under the national 2026 rule | Track the running total yourself. Report it when the total exceeds €1,200. The municipality decides how it affects your benefit. |
| Damages or compensation | The municipality decides unless a statutory exclusion applies | Report the decision, payment and purpose |
| Employment income if you are under 27 | In 2026, your municipality can choose to exclude 15% of monthly earnings for 1 year, with possible extension | Report all wages. Ask whether your municipality applies this rule early and what period it allows |
The 15% youth earnings rule formally starts on 1 January 2027. Municipalities may apply it early in 2026. Ask yours whether it does so before estimating your payment. The official parliamentary explanation of early adoption (External site, opens in a new tab) sets out that choice and the possible extension after 1 year.
Other employment-income exclusions can apply in specific situations. Send the complete payslip. Ask the municipality which exclusion under article 31 of the Participatiewet it used, and for which period.
Asset limits in 2026
The asset limits below apply to money and property counted under the ordinary asset test. Your main home has a separate rule.
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| 2026 household | Maximum regular assets |
|---|---|
| Single person | €8,000 |
| Single parent | €16,000 |
| Couple or joint household | €16,000 together |
Regular assets include bank and savings balances, cash, investments, valuable possessions and a second or holiday home in the Netherlands or abroad. The municipality deducts debts only when you can prove the repayment obligation. It does not deduct student debt. It also does not deduct debts that do not yet have to be repaid, such as some family debt. Do not give away or hide assets to qualify. Keep statements showing how you spend assets above the limit on necessary living costs.
An owner-occupied home has a separate 2026 equity threshold of €67,500. Equity is the home's value minus the unpaid mortgage. You must live in the home and meet the other conditions. Below the threshold, assistance is a grant. You generally do not have to sell or add a mortgage if housing costs are comparable to suitable rent. Above €67,500, municipal policy decides whether support is possible. If it is, assistance is a repayable loan. The municipality may secure the loan against your home. The same rules cover a houseboat or caravan.
Applications, decisions and advances
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Check your municipality's bijstand page for the application form and document list. Accepted ID includes a valid passport, identity card, residence document or driving licence. Check which bank, housing, household, income and asset documents it needs.
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If you are under 27, check the youth application rules before applying. You normally search for work or education for 4 weeks after reporting. Apply directly to your municipality or through werk.nl (work portal) (External site, opens in a new tab), using the official application routes (External site, opens in a new tab). Save the confirmation, date, time and uploaded files.
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State when your income stopped. If you request up to 3 months of backdated support, explain why and provide evidence. The municipality can grant it but does not have to.
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Answer requests for missing information by the written deadline. If you need more time, ask in writing and keep proof.
These time limits apply to a normal application. Ask your municipality to confirm any extension and the reason in writing.
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| Point in the process | National rule | Practical meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Application date | Normally the first day of entitlement | Apply promptly; do not assume a later application will be backdated |
| Up to 3 months before application | Possible since 2026 in some personal cases | Ask for backdated support and explain why you applied late. The municipality decides whether to grant it. |
| Within 4 weeks of application, while no decision has been made | Interest-free advance of at least 95% of expected bijstand after counted income. Further advances are due at intervals no longer than 4 weeks | Ask the municipality for a voorschot (advance). The municipality can withhold it if you are responsible for missing, late or incomplete information. It can also withhold it if you do not cooperate. The same applies if you clearly have no right to bijstand. |
| Within 8 weeks after receipt | The municipality must decide within this period | An incomplete application can extend the period; the municipality must tell you |
| New application within 1 year | The municipality can reuse information from the earlier application | Check which facts and documents still need updating |
The minimum advance rose from 90% to 95% on 1 January 2026. The government application page still lists 90%. The current Participatiewet, article 52, sets 95% of expected assistance after counted income.
Applications if you are under 27
If you are under 27, check the rules below that match your household and circumstances.
- Normally you first search for education or work for 4 weeks after reporting. Keep the proof the municipality requests. If the municipality accepts your search evidence and you meet all conditions, you have a right to bijstand for the search period.
- If your spouse, registered partner or qualifying joint-household partner is aged 27 or over, you can apply immediately. You must still search during those 4 weeks. An ordinary housemate aged 27 or over does not remove the waiting period.
- A vulnerable young person or someone in a difficult situation can receive support immediately; the municipality decides from the personal circumstances.
- If you are aged 18 to 20, you receive the lower youth rate.
- For your payment amount, use the national-rate, cost-sharing and income tables above. If you recently left education that qualified for student finance or a study-cost allowance, the municipality can lower your rate for up to 6 months after leaving.
Parents must support you until 21. If you are aged 18 to 20, the municipality must raise your youth rate when your parents lack means or you cannot reasonably enforce your right to maintenance. Examples include deceased parents or a disrupted relationship. From July 2026, the increase is €762.24 per month. The total is capped at the matching adult rate. The municipality may recover the increase from parents who fail their maintenance duty.
Benefit duties and changes you must report
Your inlichtingenplicht (information duty) starts when you apply. Work and reintegration duties start when you report to apply, before the benefit decision. Report relevant changes as soon as they happen.
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| Duty | What it includes | Important limit or safeguard |
|---|---|---|
| Inlichtingenplicht | Report relevant work, income, assets, household, study, volunteering, move and holiday changes as soon as they happen. Use the local reporting method. | Gifts and cost savings up to the €1,200 calendar-year total are the national reporting exception; keep your own total |
| Arbeidsplicht (work duty) | Seek, accept and keep offered work. Register with an agency if asked and maintain your skills. Travel up to 3 hours a day, or move when the legal conditions are met | The municipality must consider blame and personal circumstances; exemptions can apply |
| Re-integratieplicht (reintegration duty) | Cooperate with agreed support and activities aimed at paid work | Ask for the plan, dates and consequences in writing |
| Medewerkingsplicht (cooperation duty) and identification duty | Cooperate with a lawful eligibility check. The check can include a home visit. Show valid identification when asked. | Ask what information is needed and keep what you submit |
| Tegenprestatie (counter-performance) | Perform unpaid, socially useful activity if your municipality requires it | It follows the local rules and takes your situation into account. It is usually limited in time and scope, and must not replace or obstruct paid work |
| Language and holiday rules | Make a genuine effort to improve Dutch when needed for work; discuss every holiday in advance, including one in the Netherlands | The national holiday maximum is 28 calendar days a year, including weekends and public holidays |
Exemptions from work duties
Some work duties have exemptions. A single parent with full care of a child under 5 can request an exemption. They must still use employment support, such as language or application training. For a single parent with a child under 12, the duty to accept work applies only when childcare is available. The municipality must also check that you have enough training and can manage the work. The municipality can grant a temporary full or partial exemption for compelling reasons, including care duties. An informal carer can be temporarily exempt. A person who is permanently and fully unable to work has no work, reintegration or counter-performance duty.
If you also received an inburgering (civic integration) letter, check Who must integrate in the Netherlands? for that separate obligation.
Common problems: extra costs, reductions and refusals
Ask about special assistance if an unusual necessary cost is unaffordable. If you receive a refusal, reduction or repayment decision, check the reasons and objection deadline.
Special assistance for extra costs
Bijzondere bijstand covers necessary unusual costs caused by special circumstances, when you cannot pay from income or assets. Algemene bijstand pays ordinary living costs. Your municipality decides whether the costs qualify. Ask before committing to the cost where possible. Request the local written rule and required evidence.
Repayments, fines and benefit reductions
Wrong or incomplete information can lead to a backdated correction or end of the benefit. If a breach of your information duty caused an overpayment, the municipality normally must recover it. It may recover other overpayments. For dringende redenen (urgent reasons), it can decide to recover less or none of the money. The municipality assesses a fine when information was consciously withheld or made incorrect. It considers blame, seriousness and your finances. The fine cannot exceed the overpayment. A warning may be possible in limited cases.
For a work or reintegration breach, the municipality must consider whether you can be blamed and your personal circumstances. Without blame, it may not lower the benefit. Send evidence of illness, care duties or accessibility needs before a missed duty when possible.
Objections and urgent court help
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Read the decision date, calculation, facts and bezwaar (objection) instructions. You normally have 6 weeks after the decision was announced to object.
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File within the deadline, even if you still need advice. Include your name and address, date, the decision, reasons and signature. Use the channel named in the decision letter.
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Attach proof and ask the municipality to confirm receipt. Filing an objection is free. You do not need a lawyer.
Ask a sociaal raadsman (social adviser) about free help. The Juridisch Loket (legal advice service) (External site, opens in a new tab) gives free personal advice if your income and savings meet its conditions.
If your situation is too urgent to wait for an objection decision, you can ask the court for a voorlopige voorziening (provisional measure) (External site, opens in a new tab). An objection or appeal must already be in progress.
Your application checklist
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Classify the household: partner or joint household, ordinary housemate, or documented commercial arrangement.
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List all household income, bank accounts, cash, investments, valuable property, debts, homes and vehicles, including items abroad.
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Check the July 2026 rate for your situation. Account for holiday allowance saved separately, counted income and any cost-sharing reduction.
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If your residence right has conditions, get IND or immigration advice about your permit. If essentials are at risk, contact the municipality today.
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Apply promptly and save proof of the date. Answer requests for missing information. Mark the 4-week advance and 8-week decision points in your calendar.
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After approval, report relevant changes as soon as they happen through the local channel and keep evidence.
Bijstand and WW have different eligibility rules. Compare the final amount awarded with your actual bills and any separate allowances before planning your household budget.
- Author
- By Inburgering.org team
- Reviewer
- Reviewed by Kirill Svavolia
Official Sources
- Rijksoverheid: Wanneer heb ik recht op algemene bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the national eligibility conditions, household income and assets, the 2026 asset limits, treatment of provable debts and second homes, and routes to free advice
- Rijksoverheid: Hoe wordt de hoogte van mijn bijstandsuitkering berekend? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the national norms from 1 January and 1 July 2026, that the amounts include holiday allowance, and the lower norm for people aged 18 to 20
- Rijksoverheid: Krijg ik vakantiegeld als ik een uitkering heb? (External site, opens in a new tab) - that a municipality saves 5% of bijstand each month as holiday allowance and usually pays it in May
- Participatiewet, artikel 3: Gezamenlijke huishouding (External site, opens in a new tab) - the statutory test, deemed cases and family or care exceptions for treating an unmarried person as having a partner or joint household
- Rijksoverheid: Wat is de kostendelersnorm in de bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the cost-sharing percentages, the age threshold of 27, the excluded residents, and the distinction between a partner and an ordinary housemate
- Rijksoverheid: Welke inkomsten worden van mijn bijstandsuitkering afgetrokken? (External site, opens in a new tab) - which income is normally deducted, the statutory exclusions, maintenance income, damages and the gift rule of €1,200 per calendar year
- Rijksoverheid: Wanneer heb ik met een eigen huis recht op bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the 2026 owner-occupied-home equity threshold of €67,500 and when assistance is a grant or may be a municipal loan
- Gemeente Rotterdam: Bijstandsuitkering (External site, opens in a new tab) - a local example of vehicle valuation and exclusions, showing why a municipal car threshold must not be treated as a national rule
- Rijksoverheid: Waar kan ik mijn algemene bijstand aanvragen? (External site, opens in a new tab) - where to apply, accepted ID, the normal start date, possible backdating up to 3 months and the 8-week decision period; use article 52 below for the current advance percentage
- Participatiewet, artikel 52: Voorschot (External site, opens in a new tab) - the interest-free advance due within 4 weeks, at least 95% of expected assistance after counted income, the repeated advances and grounds for withholding
- Rijksoverheid: Welke regels gelden er voor de bijstand voor jongeren tot 27 jaar? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the youth work-or-study search, immediate help for vulnerable young people, recent school-leaver reductions and parental maintenance; use current articles 20 and 41 below for the precise youth-rate and partner rules
- Rijksoverheid: Nieuwe regels bijstand 2026 en 2027 (External site, opens in a new tab) - 2026 backdating, gift thresholds and reapplications; the listed 15% youth earnings rule can be adopted early by municipalities, as the parliamentary letter below explains
- Rijksoverheid: Wat zijn mijn rechten en plichten in de bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the information, work, reintegration, cooperation and identification duties, work-duty exemptions, language rule, holiday limit and consequences of non-compliance
- Rijksoverheid: Moet ik een tegenprestatie doen voor mijn bijstandsuitkering? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the municipal rules and limits for unpaid socially useful activities requested as a counter-performance
- Rijksoverheid: Wat is het verschil tussen algemene bijstand en bijzondere bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the distinction between general assistance for living costs and special assistance for necessary unusual costs
- Rijksoverheid: Wat gebeurt er als ik onjuiste informatie geef over mijn recht op bijstand? (External site, opens in a new tab) - retroactive correction or termination, recovery of overpayments, when a fine is assessed and when a warning may be used
- IND: Benefits from public funds (External site, opens in a new tab) - that a bijstand application is reported to the IND, that the residence assessment depends on the permit or residence right, the EU rules, and the benefits that do not end residence
- IND: Independent, sustainable and sufficient income (External site, opens in a new tab) - that bijstand is not independent income for an IND income requirement and which common social-insurance benefits can count
- Rijksoverheid: Hoe kan ik bezwaar maken tegen een beslissing van de overheid? (External site, opens in a new tab) - how to object to an individual government decision, the 6-week deadline, required contents and the fact that filing an objection is free
- Rechtspraak (Dutch judiciary): Voorlopige voorziening bestuursrecht (External site, opens in a new tab) - that urgent provisional relief requires an ongoing objection or appeal and a situation whose outcome cannot be awaited
- Rijksoverheid: Waar moet ik schuldhulpverlening aanvragen? (External site, opens in a new tab) - municipal debt-help access, the normal response periods and help within 3 days for threatening debt situations such as eviction or utility disconnection
- SVB: What is an AIO supplement? (External site, opens in a new tab) - income support administered by the SVB for people who have reached AOW pension age and live in the Netherlands with income below the guaranteed minimum
- Rijksoverheid: Normenbrief 1 juli 2026 (External site, opens in a new tab) - the January and July 2026 norms for single adults, single parents and couples, holiday allowance of 5%, and the €1,200 calendar-year gift threshold
- Juridisch Loket: Hoe we werken (External site, opens in a new tab) - the income and savings conditions for free personal legal advice
- CBS (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Statistics Netherlands): Beroepsbegeleidende leerweg (bbl) (External site, opens in a new tab) - the official name and meaning of the vocational work-and-study route
- Inburgeren.nl (official civic integration website): U gaat inburgeren (External site, opens in a new tab) - the integration letter and obligation, for readers who must also follow civic integration rules
- Participatiewet: current consolidated text, 1 July 2026 (XML) (External site, opens in a new tab) - articles 3, 9, 11, 19, 19a, 20, 22a, 28, 31, 41, 52, 58 and 62: household exceptions, duties and exemptions, residence, rates, cost sharing, income, school leavers, youth applications, advances of at least 95% and recovery
- Staatsblad (government gazette) 2025, 312: Participatiewet in balans (Participation Act reform) (External site, opens in a new tab) - the enacted changes to the household-care exception, youth-rate increase and advance percentage
- Staatsblad 2025, 313: commencement of Participatiewet in balans (External site, opens in a new tab) - 1 January 2026 commencement of the household, youth-rate and advance changes
- Wet gemeentelijke schuldhulpverlening (Municipal Debt Assistance Act): article 4 (XML) (External site, opens in a new tab) - the first interview within 3 working days when a threatening debt situation is reported
- Kamerstuk (parliamentary paper) 36582, K: early adoption of benefit changes (External site, opens in a new tab) - municipal discretion in 2026 to exclude 15% of under-27 employment income for 1 year, with possible extension; national commencement is 1 January 2027
- IND: Uitkering uit algemene middelen (External site, opens in a new tab) - the residence consequences and the genuine-and-effective-work thresholds of 40% of a normal working week or 50% of the applicable bijstand rate
- IND: Zelfstandig, duurzaam en voldoende inkomen (External site, opens in a new tab) - the distinction between independent social-insurance income and public-funds assistance
- SVB: Wat is de AIO-aanvulling? (External site, opens in a new tab) - the income-support route at AOW age, residence condition and guaranteed-minimum test
- Centrale Raad van Beroep (central appeals tribunal): repayment exceptions, 30 June 2026 (External site, opens in a new tab) - paragraphs 4.8–4.9 confirm mandatory recovery after an information-duty breach and full or partial waiver for urgent reasons under article 58(8)
- Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights: article 3 (External site, opens in a new tab) - the protection against expulsion of a state's own nationals and denial of their right to enter that state
- IND: U wordt Nederlander. Wat mag en moet u doen? (External site, opens in a new tab) - page 2 confirms that Dutch citizens, including dual nationals, no longer need a residence permit or permit renewals
- IND: Staying in the Netherlands as an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen (External site, opens in a new tab) - Working fewer than 40% of normal full-time hours and earning less than 50% of your applicable bijstand rate does not automatically rule out genuine and effective work. The IND assesses your circumstances individually, including whether pay continues during holidays or sickness.